A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery in the head or neck that supplies blood to the brain. The blockage prevents blood from reaching part of the brain, which can cause brain cell death.

While the risk of stroke increases with age, strokes are possible at any age.

The outcome of the stroke relies on swift medical treatment, so it is important to know the signs and symptoms of thrombotic strokes.

This article discusses these points, as well as risk factors, prevention, and treatment.

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The symptoms of a thrombotic stroke typically begin suddenly and may vary depending on the location and severity of the blockage.

Potential symptoms include:

Any person displaying signs and symptoms of a stroke requires immediate medical attention.

Thrombotic strokes are a type of ischemic stroke. They occur when a blood clot or plaque buildup blocks blood flow to the brain.

The other type of ischemic stroke is an embolism, which occurs when a blood clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, where it creates a blockage.

Certain conditions, such as atherosclerosis, can lead to a stroke. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the arteries, creating narrow passages and rough surfaces where blood clots can easily form.

Several risk factors can increase a person’s chances of developing a thrombotic stroke.

Some factors, such as age and genetic predisposition, are beyond a person’s control. However, a significant portion of risk factors relate to lifestyle choices, such as:

  • smoking
  • having a sedentary lifestyle
  • using illegal drugs
  • drinking too much alcohol
  • working long hours

Several other medical conditions and environmental factors can also increase the risk of thrombotic strokes, including:

Treating thrombotic stroke centers around restoring blood flow to the brain as quickly as possible.

The type of treatment the stroke team uses depends on the start time of the symptoms and what other medical conditions a person has.

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one treatment for thrombotic strokes. The medication injection works to break up the blood clot in the brain. However, a healthcare professional must typically give the medication within 4.5 hours after symptoms start.

In situations when tPA is not an option, the stroke team may choose to perform a thrombectomy. This is a procedure that involves threading a catheter through the leg artery and up to the blocked area to remove the clot and place a stent that restores blood flow.

The recovery and outlook for a thrombotic stroke varies from person to person and can last as long as 6 to 12 months.

Some people may make a full recovery, while others can experience lifelong disabilities. It depends on the severity of the brain damage.

The road to recovery may involve rehabilitation therapy and other aids such as:

  • Speech therapy: Speech therapists help regain lost communication skills, including speaking, reading, writing, and swallowing.
  • Physical therapy: Therapists focus on improving strength, coordination, balance, and mobility, allowing individuals to regain independence in walking, standing, and other motor functions.
  • Occupational therapy: Therapists assist people in relearning essential daily living skills, such as dressing, bathing, cooking, and managing medications, enabling them to participate more fully in their daily routines.
  • Assistive devices: Devices such as canes, grab bars, special eating utensils, or wheelchairs can help people regain independence during daily activities.

Rehabilitation also includes mental health. After a stroke, a person’s moods may change quickly and they can have changes in their behavior. It is important for them to discuss their mental and emotional health with their healthcare team.

After a thrombotic stroke, there are several strategies a person can use to lower their risk of another stroke.

A carotid endarterectomy is a procedure that removes plaque buildup from the carotid artery, which is the main artery in the neck. This helps people with carotid artery disease.

Lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors for a stroke may also help, including getting enough exercise and taking steps to lower high blood pressure.

A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention.

If anyone experiences stroke symptoms or sees someone with stroke symptoms, they should call 911 immediately.

What is the difference between a thrombotic and embolic stroke?

A thrombotic stroke happens when a blood clot forms directly in a brain artery. In contrast, an embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, causing a blockage.

What is the hardest stroke to recover from?

Recovering from a stroke varies from person to person and depends on factors such as the stroke’s severity and location. Each person has a unique recovery journey.

What is the recovery time following a thrombotic stroke?

Recovery time from a thrombotic stroke is highly variable depending on the stroke’s severity, its location, and the person’s overall health.

While some individuals may see significant improvements within weeks, others can experience a longer recovery time spanning months or longer. Typically, the faster a person sees improvements immediately after a stroke, the better their recovery will be.

Thrombotic strokes occur due to blood clots forming in a brain artery and demand immediate medical attention. Swift treatment with clot-busting medications or procedures to remove the blockage is critical to maximize recovery.

Each person’s recovery is their own journey and typically involves rehabilitation to regain lost abilities and adapting to long-lasting effects.

Embracing a heart-healthy lifestyle, managing medical conditions, and smoking cessation are all ways to help reduce the risk of stroke.