People with anxiety disorders may use alcohol as a coping mechanism, which could lead to alcohol use disorder (AUD). Similarly, those with AUD may have a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders.
Research suggests there may be a bidirectional connection between anxiety disorders and AUD.
People with AUD may have a higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety.
Those with anxiety may also turn to alcohol as a coping mechanism. However, it can be easy for one drink to turn into more and lead to a growing dependence on alcohol.
This article explains the links between alcohol and anxiety and how to manage anxiety disorders and AUD in daily life.
Research in a
A 2022 longitudinal study highlights a bidirectional relationship between AUD and anxiety disorders. The authors suggest someone with AUD has a higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder and vice versa.
People with severe anxiety disorders may be especially at risk of developing AUD.
According to a
The
In many cases, it is unclear whether alcohol causes anxiety or if anxiety makes a person more likely to drink alcohol.
According to some animal research, those who drink alcohol in their youth may be
Researchers in a
According to the NIAAA, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders are
People with AUD
According to a
The review authors reported that reducing alcohol intake could improve a person’s self-confidence, physical and mental quality of life, and social functioning.
Initially, drinking alcohol may help someone to relax. It can make social situations and problems seem less daunting. The initial effects of alcohol may include:
- reduced anxiety
- lower inhibitions
- exaggerated mood
- feeling sociable
However, these positive feelings may change as a person drinks more. Increased levels of alcohol may lead to:
- extreme changes in mood
- increased risk-taking
- aggression
- blurry vision
- lack of coordination
- slurred speech
Long-term risks
The long-term risks of alcohol may include:
- liver and pancreas damage
- certain cancers
- brain damage
- heart disease
- respiratory and other infections
- impotence and infertility
- stroke
- hypertension, which refers to high blood pressure
- mental health conditions, such as depression
People need to speak with a doctor if they are experiencing the above effects due to alcohol.
Lifestyle changes that people can implement to relieve anxiety include the following:
- getting enough sleep
- exercising regularly
- reducing caffeine intake
- practicing relaxation techniques, such as:
- joining a support group
- eating a balanced diet
For some people, a doctor may prescribe medications such as:
- antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- anxiety medication, such as benzodiazepines
- beta-blockers
People may also benefit from counseling, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy.
Treatment for AUD aims to help a person reduce or completely cut out alcohol. Treatment may include medications such as:
- acamprosate (Campral)
- naltrexone (Vivitrol, Revia, and Naltrel)
- disulfiram (Antabuse)
A doctor may also suggest additional treatment options, such as counseling or joining a support group.
Nowadays, the internet can also offer tools for keeping track of drinking habits, setting goals, and providing relapse-prevention techniques.
Mobile applications, such as the Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System, are also available.
The Anxiety and Depression Association of America recommends consulting a doctor if anyone experiences the following symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder:
- feeling nervous or irritable
- a sense of imminent danger or panic
- increased heart rate
- hyperventilating, sweating, or shaking
- fatigue
- difficulty sleeping
- being unable to concentrate
Signs and symptoms of AUD include:
- experiencing a strong urge, or need, to drink
- blackouts
- drinking more to experience the desired effect
- alcohol interfering with work or home life
- skipping activities that were enjoyable before in order to drink
- being in dangerous situations under the influence of alcohol
- experiencing withdrawal symptoms, such as trembling or hallucinations
A doctor can diagnose anxiety disorders and AUD and create a treatment plan to relieve a person’s symptoms.
People can usually manage all types of anxiety by using a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and therapy rather than alcohol.
The outlook for those who have AUD may be more complicated. AUD is a chronic condition that includes a variety of effects on the mind and body. Treatment effectiveness may also be difficult to document due to relapses and treatment challenges.
According to the Alcoholics Anonymous 2022 membership survey, 23% of over 6,000 members were sober for less than 1 year, and 28% were sober for over 20 years.
If a person has concerns about alcohol use or anxiety, they can speak with a doctor to find out the best ways to solve these issues.
Below are answers to common questions about alcohol and anxiety.
Can alcohol trigger panic attacks?
According to a
How many people drink alcohol as a coping mechanism?
A
People can speak with a healthcare professional for help managing anxiety or mood disorder symptoms.
Can alcohol cause anxiety for days?
A person
However, anxiety for several days may also indicate someone has an anxiety disorder.
Anxiety disorders are a potential comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). People with AUD may have a higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder.
Similarly, people with severe anxiety disorders may be more likely to develop AUD, particularly if they use alcohol as a coping mechanism.
People can speak with a doctor if they experience AUD and anxiety. Cutting out alcohol may help improve anxiety symptoms. Some individuals may benefit from treatments such as medication or counseling.